✅ Result: By 1950, all states integrated – but Kashmir remained a under Article 370.
: Between 5 to 10 lakh people died in communal riots, particularly in "communal zones" like Amritsar, Lahore, and Kolkata.
The Maharaja appealed to India for military aid, signing the Instrument of Accession to secure immediate defense help. Reorganization of States challenges of nation building class 12 notes hot
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the "Iron Man of India," used a mix of "carrots and sticks" (diplomacy and firm pressure).
His death caused widespread violent protests, government shutdowns, and police firings across the region. Under intense pressure, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru announced the formation of a separate Andhra state in December 1952 (India's first linguistic state). The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) ✅ Result: By 1950, all states integrated –
Nation-building involves forging political unity, institutions, economy and national identity after independence. Major challenges include weak administrative capacity, ethnic and regional divides, economic dependence and inequality, contested borders, lack of rule of law, and external interference. Overcoming these requires inclusive political settlements, strong merit-based bureaucracy, equitable development policies, civic education to build shared identity, rule-of-law reforms, and balanced constitutional arrangements.
The Telugu-speaking areas of the Madras province demanded a separate state. Gandhian leader Potti Sriramulu went on an indefinite fast and died after 56 days. Reorganization of States Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the "Iron
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What was the main recommendation of the States Reorganization Commission (1953)?